Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that occurs when the cartilage that cushions the joints breaks down over time. As the cartilage deteriorates, bones may rub against each other, causing pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced joint mobility. OA is most commonly found in weight-bearing joints like the knees, hips, and spine but can affect any joint in the body.

What are the Symptoms?

The symptoms of osteoarthritis can vary depending on the severity of the condition and the joints involved. Common symptoms include:

• Joint pain: Aching or sharp pain in the affected joint, especially after movement or at the end of the day.
• Stiffness: Reduced range of motion, especially after periods of rest or in the morning.
• Swelling: Inflammation around the joint can lead to visible swelling.
• Tenderness: The affected joint may be sensitive to touch.
• Crepitus: A grating sensation or sound when moving the joint due to bone-on-bone contact.
• Weakness: Reduced muscle strength around the affected joint due to inactivity or pain.

If you notice any of these symptoms, seeking prompt care is essential for managing the condition effectively.

What Causes Osteoarthritis?

Osteoarthritis develops over time and can be triggered by a variety of factors, including:

• Age: The risk of developing OA increases with age as the cartilage naturally wears down.
• Joint injury: Previous injuries, such as fractures or sprains, can accelerate the degeneration of cartilage.
• Overuse: Repeated stress or strain on a joint, especially from physical labor or sports, can increase the likelihood of OA.
• Genetics: A family history of osteoarthritis can increase the risk of developing the condition.
• Obesity: Excess body weight places additional pressure on weight-bearing joints, particularly the knees, increasing the risk of OA.
• Gender: Women are more likely than men to develop OA, particularly after the age of 50.
• Inflammation: Chronic inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, can increase the risk of osteoarthritis.

How can Physiotherapy Help?

Physiotherapy is a highly effective treatment for managing osteoarthritis and improving joint function. At Fit and Fine Rehab, we offer a range of physiotherapy services that can help reduce pain, improve mobility, and enhance your quality of life:

• Exercise therapy: Tailored strengthening and stretching exercises help improve joint stability, mobility, and muscle strength, reducing the strain on affected joints.
• Manual therapy: Hands-on techniques to increase joint flexibility and reduce pain or stiffness.
• Heat and cold therapy: Applying heat or cold to the affected area can help reduce inflammation, alleviate pain, and improve blood circulation.
• Joint mobilization: Gentle movements applied to the joint to restore range of motion and reduce stiffness.
• Pain management techniques: Methods like ultrasound or TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) therapy to manage pain and promote healing.
• Ergonomic advice: Guidance on proper posture, joint protection techniques, and activity modifications to reduce stress on the joints during daily tasks.
• Education: Learning how to manage osteoarthritis with lifestyle changes, including weight management, proper footwear, and avoiding activities that may exacerbate the symptoms.